When it comes to treating water filled with harmful pollutants, there are a few methods that have been around for a while and some newer ones that are gaining attention. Two of the older methods are burning the waste, known as incineration, and using a process called Sequencing Batch Reactor Activated Sludge (SBR). On the newer side, there's a method called Supercritical Water Oxidation (SCWO) and a combination process that mixes Catalytic Wet Oxidation (CWO) with SBR, called CWO-SBR.

Scientists wanted to see which of these methods was better for the environment, so they used water from printing ink waste as an example. They tested it at different concentrations to see how each process handled it. They used a software tool called Simapro 9. 3 to calculate the environmental impacts of each method.

Interestingly, the results showed that as the concentration of pollutants (measured as chemical oxygen demand, or COD) increased, the environmental impact of incineration and SCWO decreased. This is because they generate more steam and use less fuel and electricity. However, for CWO-SBR and SBR, the opposite happened. Higher COD concentrations led to more environmental impact.

When comparing these processes at a baseline COD level of 234, 000 mg/L, incineration had the smallest impact, while SBR had the highest. The SCWO process had the highest comprehensive index, which is a measure of overall effectiveness and efficiency, followed by incineration, CWO-SBR, and then SBR.

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