The journey from coal to graphite is no easy task. It involves pushing coal to its limits with extreme heat. This process was put to the test with coal from Huyan Mountain in China. The goal was to see how this coal behaves under intense heat, ranging from 2100 to 3000 degrees Celsius. The coal was cleaned and stripped of minerals. Some samples were mixed with a catalyst, iron oxide, to see if it sped up the process.

First, let's talk about the heat. The coal was heated in a controlled way. This was done to watch how the coal's structure changed. One key finding was a critical point. When the distance between the layers of carbon, known as d002, reached 0. 3368 nanometers, it stopped getting smaller. This happened even as the rest of the structure kept getting better.

Now, the catalyst. Below 2700 degrees Celsius, the iron oxide made a big difference. It helped the coal's layers stack up faster and fixed more defects. This sped up the whole process. But above 2700 degrees Celsius, both the catalyzed and non-catalyzed samples showed the same d002 value. They both stopped getting smaller. However, when looked at closely, the catalyzed samples showed better ordering. They had more layers of carbon and fewer defects at the edges.

Scanning electron microscopy showed something interesting. The catalyzed samples had better alignment and were more compact. This means the catalyst helped even after the critical point was reached. The catalyst helped the coal become more like graphite.

This study shows that making graphite from coal has its limits. The starting material is crucial. It decides how well the coal can turn into graphite. This research gives important clues about how to make artificial graphite from coal. It shows what helps and what doesn't. It also shows what can be improved. The study highlights the need for more research. It also shows the importance of understanding the basics of graphitization. This is key to making better coal-based graphite.

Coal to Graphite: The Heat is On

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