Eleven months after Ingenuity, a helicopter on Mars, made its last flight, engineers and scientists from NASA and a private company involved in its creation have found the probable cause of its crash. The problem? The chopper's sensors didn't see enough detail on Mars' smooth surface to figure out its position, leading to a tumble that broke all four blades.

Finding the root cause was tricky. Mars is around 100 million miles away, and Ingenuity didn't have a black box. Investigators had to puzzle it out using limited data and images. "The likely cause, " said Håvard Grip, Ingenuity's first pilot from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, "was the lack of surface features for the navigation system to work with. "

Grip and his team studied the terrain from Ingenuity's 72nd flight, on January 18. The helicopter used a downward-facing camera to track surface features. Initially, it spotted pebbles and other details to pinpoint its location. But three years later, it flew over steep, featureless sand ripples in Jezero Crater.

Ingenuity's navigation system relied on visual cues to determine its position. When there weren't enough distinctive features, it struggled to stay steady, leading to the devastating crash.

Mars Helicopter Mystery Solved: Why Ingenuity Crashed

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