First, let's talk about PFAS. These are chemicals that are used in various products, including Aqueous Film-Forming Foams (AFFFs). AFFFs are made up of complex mixtures and are used to fight fires. They are designed to save lives, but they have a dark side.

   Firefighters rely on AFFFs to put out blazes quickly. The problem? PFAS can be harmful and can lead to serious health problems. This includes issues like liver disease, thyroid disease, and even cancer. We need to understand how dangerous these chemicals are and find safer alternatives.

   The study looked at 30 substances including AFFFs, PFAS, and certain medicines. Researchers studied these substances on human liver cells. They used high-tech methods to see how these chemicals affect liver cells. This included checking gene activity, how cells look under a microscope, and how much liver enzymes are released. The goal was to figure out how harmful these chemicals are.

   By looking at how these substances affect liver cells, scientists could predict how likely they are to cause harm. They found ways to tell which substances are more dangerous than others. This information can help make better decisions in the future.

   They also used a new approach to predict how these substances might affect the liver in real life. This could help create better risk assessments and find greener chemicals.

   The study had some limitations. The cells were grown in a lab and not actually in a person's body. This means that while the findings are useful, they might not show the full picture.

    Research on PFAS and AFFFs continues. There are thousands of PFAS in use, yet many of them are not well understood.

   Considering the impact of Fire AFFFs on the environment and the fact that the chemicals can persist for very long periods of time, this study brings up many important questions for Fire Services and Governments.

The Hazardous Pioneer of PFAS: Uncovering Their Toxic Effects on the Human Liver

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