Tiny Algae, Big Health Worries: The Hidden Hormone Havoc

Cyanobacteria, those tiny blue-green algae, are more than just pond scum. They produce toxins that can mess with hormones, especially those linked to reproduction. Two of these toxins, microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and cylindrospermopsin (CYN), have been under the microscope for their potential to disrupt hormones.

The Study

Scientists wanted to see if these toxins could act like or against male hormones. They used a test called the Hershberger bioassay on rats. This test checks how these toxins affect certain tissues and hormone levels. The rats were given different doses of MC-LR and CYN, and the scientists measured changes in their bodies.

Findings

• MC-LR:
• Made the seminal vesicles heavier at the lowest dose.
• Reduced the weight of the ventral prostate in another part of the test.

• CYN:
• Had a similar effect on the glans penis.

However, according to the test's standards, neither toxin showed clear hormone-disrupting effects.

The Twist

But here's the twist: the toxins did change some hormone levels.

• Both MC-LR and CYN:

• Raised levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) at the highest dose.

• CYN:

• Increased LH at the lowest dose.

• MC-LR:
• Lowered testosterone levels in all groups compared to the control in the antagonist test.

Conclusion

This study shows that cyanotoxins might have more effects on hormones than we thought. But we need more research to understand how they affect wildlife and human health.