Yemen's Complex Web of War: Who's Fighting Whom?
A Decade-Long Conflict Intensifies
Yemen's civil war, now in its second decade, has seen a recent escalation. A separatist group backed by the UAE has made significant territorial gains in the south, causing a rift within the Saudi-led coalition.
The Houthis: Origins and Influence
The Houthis, officially known as Ansar Allah, ignited the conflict in late 2014. They overthrew the government of then-president Abd Rabbu Mansour Hadi and now control the capital, Sanaa, and much of the northern highlands. Accused of being armed and funded by Iran, the Houthis deny these allegations. Their military prowess includes missile and drone attacks on Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and even Israel.
Saudi Arabia's Involvement
Saudi Arabia entered the conflict in 2015, leading a coalition to restore Hadi's government. Their goal was to prevent an Iran-aligned group from gaining power near their border. Despite a recent thaw in relations between Saudi Arabia and Iran, tensions remain high.
The Southern Transitional Council (STC)
Backed by the UAE, the STC seeks independence for the south. Initially part of the Saudi-led coalition, they declared self-rule in 2020. In December 2025, they seized large areas in Hadramout and Al Mahra provinces, challenging Saudi Arabia's influence.
The Islah Party
The Islah Party, a Sunni Islamist movement, is a key faction within the recognized government. However, the UAE and STC view them as a terrorist organization. Their stronghold is Marib, a region rich in oil and gas.
The UAE's Role
The UAE, once a key player in the coalition, withdrew its troops in 2020. However, they maintain influence through the STC and other factions. Their interests include countering the Muslim Brotherhood and securing strategic shipping lanes.
The Internationally Recognized Government
The internationally recognized government, led by the Presidential Leadership Council, is losing power. After the STC's offensive, their control is now limited to small, isolated areas. They rely heavily on Saudi airpower for support.
The National Resistance Forces
Led by Tarek Saleh, the National Resistance Forces are another anti-Houthi group. Originally backed by the UAE, they now maintain ties with Saudi Arabia. They aim for a unified Yemen, opposing both the Houthis and southern secessionists.
